GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EXTERNALIZING AND INTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Authors

  • Asma Riaz Hamdani Department of Applied Psychology, GCUF Pakistan
  • Rabia Khawar Department of Applied Psychology, GCUF Pakistan
  • Abdul Razzaq Mughal Paediatric Cardiology Department, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.742

Abstract

To determine gender differences in externalizing and internalizing behaviors among Children and Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) in Pakistan. A comparative group design was used to study variables. The study was conducted at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology from January 2021 to December 2021. A sample of 326 children and adolescents diagnosed with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD was studied to assess the internalizing and externalizing problems in different types of CHD. The strength and Difficulty questionnaire was used to measure the emotional behavioral issues. Parent-reported form for children below 7 years of age and self-report for above 7 years was used. Detailed history and baseline demographics were recorded. The results explained that 49.1% of the CHD population is in the clinical range of externalizing and internalizing problems. The comparison of gender mean difference shows that the male population suffers more as compared to female (p<.05). Whereas no difference was found in internalizing problems in both genders while males have more externalizing issues and females are better in prosocial behavior as compared to male counterparts. Children and adolescents with cyanotic CHD have more clinical range of emotional and behavioral issues(p<.01). Children and adolescents now have a longer life as compared to previous decades but with this growing age and having a congenital condition, they are having problems in their psychological health which is in need of assessment and repair.

Keywords: Emotional Behavioral Issues, Externalizing, Internalizing, Gender

Author Biographies

  • Asma Riaz Hamdani, Department of Applied Psychology, GCUF Pakistan

    Lecturer

  • Rabia Khawar, Department of Applied Psychology, GCUF Pakistan

    Professor

     

  • Abdul Razzaq Mughal, Paediatric Cardiology Department, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Pakistan

    Associate Professor

     

Additional Files

Published

2022-09-30

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 03 (2022): Pakistan Journal of Social Research PJSR

Section

Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Asma Riaz Hamdani, Rabia Khawar, Abdul Razzaq Mughal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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How to Cite

[1]
“GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EXTERNALIZING AND INTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE”, Pak. J, Soc. Sci., vol. 4, no. 03, pp. 523–529, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.742.