THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF LEXICAL BUNDLES IN PAKISTANI BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS

Authors

  • Mutahar Ghulam Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Saima Akhtar COMSATS University, Lahore
  • Husnat Ahmed Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.699

Abstract

This study investigated and explored the structures and functions of 100 common lexical bundles of four-word, considering the structural and functional classification of lexical bundles, defined by (Biber, 2004 , p. 381 - 384), which was used as the theoretical framework also. This study is a corpus-based study of the four-word lexical bundles taken from biology textbooks which are being taught at the Pakistani Higher Secondary School Certificate level (HSSC) in KPK. The specified corpus of these textbooks was run in the AntConc software to perceive and detached LBs in the corpus. The bundles were then analyzed and classified according to (Biber et al., 2004) structural and functional taxonomy of lexical bundles. Structural analysis showed that lexical bundles incorporating dependent clause fragments, verb phrase with passive verb and preposition phrase were the most corporate type of bundles produced by biology textbooks. In terms of the functions, the majority of the bundles served as discourse organizers and referential expressions. These discoveries have educational endeavors and can be utilized in English for academic and special purposes.

Keywords: Lexical bundles, Corpus-based study, Pakistani academic textbooks, English language teaching, English for academic purpose.

Author Biographies

  • Mutahar Ghulam, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan

    MPhil English (Candidate)

     

  • Saima Akhtar, COMSATS University, Lahore

    Lecturer

  • Husnat Ahmed, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Assistant Professor

     

Additional Files

Published

2022-09-30

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 03 (2022): Pakistan Journal of Social Research PJSR

Section

Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Mutahar Ghulam, Saima Akhtar, Husnat Ahmed

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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How to Cite

[1]
“THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF LEXICAL BUNDLES IN PAKISTANI BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS”, Pak. J, Soc. Sci., vol. 4, no. 03, pp. 161–171, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.699.