EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DETERIORATION OF HISTORIC BRICKS FROM SELECTED MUGHAL MONUMENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

Authors

  • Muhammad Tehmash Khan Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
  • Shakirullah . Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1337

Abstract

Over the years, buildings made of bricks and other porous materials suffer physical and chemical damage while exposed to weathering. Deterioration then occurs due to various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and urban environmental damage is very extensive, altering material’s form. The Mughal monuments in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan are exposed to similar environmental threats and is an experimental ground of inadequate conservation due to which these historic structures are rapidly and irreversibly decaying. This work is based on the study and analysis of various brick samples from selected monuments. Many of its elements and features are vanishing with time as observed at various locations. It is therefore necessary to develop a conservation strategy for these monuments by characterizing the materials, identifying the environmental impacts, and evaluating/developing the conservation scenarios for the preservation of this irreplaceable heritage asset.

Keywords: Heritage; Historical buildings; Bricks; Physical, chemical, and biological weathering.

Author Biographies

  • Muhammad Tehmash Khan, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.

    PhD Scholar

     

  • Shakirullah ., Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.

    Associate Professor

Additional Files

Published

2023-05-31

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 02 (2023): Pakistan Journal of Social Research (PJSR)

Section

Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Tehmash Khan, Shakirullah .

Creative Commons License

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How to Cite

[1]
“EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DETERIORATION OF HISTORIC BRICKS FROM SELECTED MUGHAL MONUMENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN”, Pak. J, Soc. Sci., vol. 5, no. 02, pp. 1155–1173, May 2023, doi: 10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1337.